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Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) have been defined by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) as "an injury, large or small, caused by the use of a drug."  The use of “triggers,” or clues, to identify ADEs has been shown to be an effective method for measuring the overall level of harm from medication errors among adult hospital populations.  As part of the IHI Saving 100K Lives Campaign, twelve U.S. children’s hospitals, convened through the Child Health Corporation of America (CHCA), adapted IHI's adult ADE trigger tool for pediatric patients.

The National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality (NICHQ), a partner in IHI's Saving 5 Million Lives Campaign, has supported the organization of The Pediatric Affinity Group, a partnership of four organizations, working with leading U.S. hospitals, to create tools to provide adapt IHI's How-to-Guides for patient safety to children's health care. The NICHQ web site features this guide to help hospitals prevent medication errors in children.  The pediatric ADE How-to-Guide includes the Pediatric Adverse Drug Event Trigger Toolkit developed by CHCA, along with example standard order sets, a sample script to standardize the collection of pediatric patient allergy information, and "20 tips to help prevent medical errors in children."

This glossary represents both an important "process" and "outcome" of the cooperation between the United States Department of Health and Human Services and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the Priority Area of Access to Quality Health Care. On the "process" side it is a tangible manifestation of the cooperation between the two towards a shared goal. The "outcome" is the creation of this glossary which will assist both Russian and non-Russian health care personnel in improving the quality of health care through communications using a shared lexicon. It is the hope of the authors that this product is disseminated widely and becomes a valuable tool for all those interested in improving health care quality. (author's)