Scaling up – which is defined here as the activity of expanding an intervention or programme from initial facilities that serve a small proportion of the population to facilities that serve a significantly larger population (such as an entire region or country) – has several approaches. The World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned this paper to provide general guidance for policy-makers, health care managers and administrators, and health care providers on a dynamic approach to rapid scale-up. The document uses HIV/AIDS treatment and care as an example. (Reference number: WHO/HIV/SPO/04.01)