This report presents findings from Phase 1 of an assessment of the human resources implications of HIV/AIDS services scale-up in Rwanda. Phase 1 of the study sought to document the number and type of staff currently employed at public and private sites in Rwanda, estimate those currently providing HIV/AIDS services, and identify employment practices that could facilitate or hinder human resources scale-up for HIV/AIDS service delivery. To estimate the number of health workers providing health services and the employment mechanisms through which they are contracted, the research team gleaned data from Ministry of Health reports. The study found that out of Rwanda's 4,889 active health service providers, 4.2% are doctors, 52.2% are nurses, and 23.5% are nurse aides or other auxiliary staff. Hospitals absorb 44% of the health workforce, and half of the country's doctors are posted at the three national referral hospitals. The Ministry of Health employs 43% of the health workforce through the civil service. The largest share (55%) of the workforce is employed through contracts with a health facility (38%) or through NGOs, donor organizations, or district contracts (17%). Salaries for staff contracted by health facilities are usually paid from funds accumulated from user fees and occasionally from contracts the facilities have with a supporting institution. Reliance on user fees constrains the ability of health centers, especially those in rural areas, to meet their staffing needs. (excerpt)