Reproductive Health | USAID Health Care Improvement Portal
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Reproductive Health

  • Nicaragua | Family Planning Expansion Collaborative | Collaborative Profile
  • Afghanistan- Innovations in Family Planning, The Accelerating Contraceptive Use Project | Community Resource

    This case study details the “Accelerating Contraceptive Use Project” managed by MSH in Afghanistan between 2004 and 2006. Through the project, four Afghan NGOs, MSH and the Ministry of Public Health worked with CHWs to promote various contraceptive methods for birth spacing. Three components helped the project achieve success at both the community and policy levels: contraceptive technical expertise in designing safe and effective approaches to meeting birth-spacing needs; knowledge obtained from multiple international programs; and understanding of the community.

  • Helping Health Workers Learn | Community Resource

    This book presents methods, aids, and ideas for instructors training community health workers at the village level. It contains five parts: 1. Approaches and plans to carrying out a training program for CHWs; 2. Learning through seeing, doing, thinking; 3. Learning to use the book “Where There Is No Doctor”; 4. Activities with mothers and children; and, 5. Health in relation to food, land, and social problems.

  • Where There Is No Doctor | Community Resource

    This reference book is written primarily for CHWs or other village health workers living far from medical centers, in places where there are no health facilities. It covers basic diagnosis and treatment of a wide array of common conditions. It is written in basic language, and includes lots of visual references, so that people without much formal education can use it; it has been translated into more than 80 languages and used in over 100 countries.

  • Increasing access to Family Planning (FP) and Reproductive Health (RH) services through task-sharing between CHWs and community mid-level professionals in large-scale public-sector programs: A Literature Review to Help Guide Case Studies | Community Resource

    CHW programs throughout the world vary in structure and emphasis. This literature review addresses the challenge of making connections among inputs, processes and outcomes of these diverse community programs. Completed as part of the USAID-funded project of the same name, it analyses 78 of the most useful documents on CHW programs with components of family planning and selective reproductive health services, as well as community-based distribution.

  • Malawi: Distribution of DMPA at the Community Level- Lessons Learned | Community Resource

    In 2008, Malawi piloted the distribution of the injectable contraceptive DMPA by Health Surveillance Assistants. This report presents lessons learned, during the initial training and implementation roll-out, which will be valuable for other countries planning similar community-based distribution systems. The report pays particular attention to the supply chain implications of distributing family planning commodities to “the last mile.”

  • Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancy: A Trainer's Reference Guide | Community Resource

    This is a resource for trainers developing in-service training for facility-based healthcare providers and CHWs who already have some basic experience with reproductive health and family planning. It is a reference guide to be used by trainers and can be adapted depending on whether trainees are facility-based or community-based.

  • Reproductive Health Manual for Trainers of Community Health Workers | Community Resource

    This Reproductive Health Manual for Trainers of CHWs was developed by CEDPA to help organizations that provide reproductive health services through the community-based distribution approach, to train their CHWs in reproductive health. The training manual is based on the premise that reproductive health is a fundamental human right and stresses that informed choice, quality of care, and increased sensitivity to women’s needs, focusing on family planning (FP) is an integral part of reproductive health. It includes four modules: 1.

  • Community-Based Health Workers Can Safely and Effectively Administer Injectable Contraceptives | Community Resource

    In an effort to inform future policies and programs, WHO, USAID, and Family Health International (FHI) convened a consultation group on injectable contraceptives and CHWs. The report concludes that CHWs, given appropriate training, can provide contraceptive injectables effectively and that the expanded use of injectable contraceptives by CHWs will provide underserved populations with more choice. Furthermore, this report outlines some policy implications, programmatic guidelines and operational issues that stem from their recommendations.

  • Improving the quality of care for adolescents living with HIV/AIDS by introducing Psychosocial Support services at Beatrice Road Infectious Disease Hospital (BRIDH) Opportunistic Infections and Antiretroviral Therapy (OI/ART) Clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe | Improvement Report
  • Decline in Human Fertility: 1950-2007 | Publications

    This document describes the experience of 50 years of family planning program implementation worldwide and its impact on achieving fertility reduction. It illustrates areas of the world where family planning programs succeeded and where they have failed, while describing the general characteristics that have surrounded family planning programs and that have influenced their ability to obtain significant fertility reductions. These characteristics range from the political will to generate widespread behavior change to adopt contraception, to the belief of many world leaders that great nations are the result of large and increasing populations.

  • Validity of Quality Improvement Team Self-Assessment in Monitoring Maternal and Newborn Indicators in Niger – Comparison of data from external record review, observation and case-simulation | Publications

     The regular monitoring of quality of care indicators to track progress on improving clinical services and outcomes for patients is essential for quality improvement (QI) interventions. Tracking the indicators is often done through self-assessment by health workers involved in implementation. There have been few studies that assess the validity of self-assessment data collected in QI interventions.   A QI collaborative was implemented in 51 maternal care facilities in seven of Niger’s eight districts for essential obstetric and neonatal care from 2006 to 2008 and provided an opportunity to compare team self-assessments with objective assessments. 

    Research questions/objectives
    This study examines the validity of QI team results, based on structured self-assessment methods, in comparison to results obtained by external evaluators from records and simulations and observations of clinical performance.
     
    Methodology
    The study was conducted as part of a larger evaluation of institutionalization of best practices in essential obstetrics and newborn care, subsequent to the end of the SONNE I and II QI collaboratives. Data were collected in June 2009 in 20 of the 51 health facilities participating in the collaborative.
    QI teams calculated values for a set of essential obstetric and neonatal quality of care indicators from their own records. A team of external evaluators used the same sampling method to obtain the values from five records in six time periods in almost all sites for the indicators from clinical records from the same sampling frame. They also observed the performance of health workers in clinical situations or simulations. The values were then analyzed for their consistency over time and accuracy in comparison to standards.
     
    Results
    When aggregated, the levels of compliance reported by QI teams were similar to the compliance found by the external auditors. For AMTSL indicators, compliance levels obtained from observation and simulation was 90% compared to 93% from external audit and almost 100% for self-assessment. For essential newborn care, observation and simulation gave 83% compliance compared to 93% from external audits and 99% from self-assessment. Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia compliance was reported by external audit to between 33% to 84% whereas QI teams self-assessment results were lower by up to 5%. In the nearly 2000 pregnancies observed each month for each time period, the proportion of post-partum hemorrhages was less than 0.5% during each of the six time periods with the self assessment and external audit showing similar ranges of values. There was heterogeneity in the deviations of self-assessment results from external audit results with a few sites (three for AMTSL, four for essential newborn care) contributing most of the variation. 
     
    Conclusions and Recommendations
    Most QI teams examined in this study are capable of providing adequately accurate results based on their own review of their clinical records. There are a few sites for which the gaps between objective assessments and self-assessments were larger and which would benefit from specific interventions to address the deficit. The tendency of some QI teams to overestimate their performance should be communicated to the teams themselves so that they can make changes to counteract this effect. The use of simple and easy to use indicators is more likely to increase their validity. This research also demonstrates that a simple methodology can be used to assess the validity of self-assessment of QI teams. It should continue to be used periodically to ensure that the quality of self-assessment data, on which much of the success of the QI intervention depends, continues to be at an acceptably high level.
     

     

  • Reproductive Health Gateway | Publications

    K4Health Gateways provide users the ability to search a number of Web sites from one location online, eliminating the need to conduct extensive searches on multiple sites. The sites included in the Gateways are authoritative sources of relevant information on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS.

    The Reproductive Health (RH) Gateway allows you to search a collection of 140 carefully selected Web sites to find relevant, reliable information for health professionals. Sites include United Nations, World Bank, World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, CARE, and the Global Health Council to name a few.

  • Managing Knowledge to Improve Reproductive Health Programs | Publications

    This resource covers how managers of reproductive health programs can use knowledge management tools to systematically increase the creativity and empowerment of an organization’s staff members and the efficiency and effectiveness of its operations.

  • Post Abortion Care | Publications

    This site provides comprehensive, standardized, and evidence-based information on post abortion care. It serves as a repository of basic resources for policymakers and program planners who are designing or revising their current post abortion care program.

  • Elements of Family Planning Success Toolkit | Publications

     

    K4Health's predecessor (The INFO Project) initiated the Elements of Family Planning Success activity to provide recommendations made by program managers and policy makers to program managers and policy makers. Health care professionals from around the world identified the top 10 elements essential for the success of family planning programs. The INFO Project and the follow-on K4Health Project then merged this local knowledge with evidence-based information gathered worldwide to develop a package of resources, including this toolkit.
     

     

  • Training Works! What You Need to Know about Managing, Designing, Delivering, and Evaluating Group-Based Training | Publications

    This training handbook summarizes the tasks that should be completed at each stage of family planning/reproductive health training to ensure an effective training course. The handbook is divided in four main sections: Managing Training, Designing Training, Delivering Training, and Evaluating Training.  Each section describes the steps necessary at each training stage to ensure a high-quality training course.  Training Works! is also available in French at the same link shown below.

  • Reproductive Health Gateway | Publications

    Your gateway to relevent, reliable reproductive health information.

  • Implementing Best Practices in Reproductive Health | Publications

     

    The Implementing Best Practices (IBP) Initiative is a uniquely interactive partnership through which policy makers, programme managers, implementing organizations and providers are able to identify and apply evidence-based and proven effective practices to improve reproductive health outcomes worldwide.

    • • Initiated by the World Health Organization and USAID, and supported by an increasing number of international and local reproductive health agencies, the IBP Initiative responds to several challenges in reproductive health, such as:
    • • The lack of access to targeted and reliable information on what works and what does not work
    • • Limited access to evidence-based tools, materials and strategies
    • • Duplication of effort
    • • Costly implementation of ineffective programs
    • • Limited opportunities to share new knowledge with local and international colleagues
    • • Few opportunities to scale-up successful approaches and programmes

    The IBP Initiative is grounded in the principles of knowledge management and the management of change. The IBP partners develop approaches that encourage the transfer and exchange of knowledge, evidence-based practices, proven effective practices, experience and lessons learned in and among countries. This approach provides the building blocks for developing regional and country collaborative networks and formulating strategies and approaches that help to introduce, adapt, and scale-up proven effective practices that will improve access to quality of reproductive health.

  • Resources for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Sexual and Reproductive Health | Publications

    This resource is designed to help you in your efforts to integrate provision of sexual and reproductive health services with activities for preventing and treating HIV/AIDS.

    Here you will find a selected collection of documents and other materials which reflect field experience and the latest thinking of the health community on integration of HIV and sexual and reproductive health services.

    Topics include the key technical approaches to integration:

    • • ABC 
    • • Community-Based Approaches to Integration
    • • Contraception for HIV-Positive Women
    • • Dual Protection
    • • Family Planning and Antiretrovirals
    • • Family Planning and Mother-to-Child-Transmission
    • • Family Planning and Voluntary Counseling and Testing
    • • Family Planning and Home-Based Care
    • • Family Planning and Orphans and Vulnerable Children
    • • Microbicides
    • • STIs
       

    The site is designed to identify a full range of resources upon which to develop policies, guidelines, or practices. There are links to the following types of materials:

    • Documents: Includes Books and book chapters, Technical reports, Journal articles, Laws, bills, and court decisions, Papers presented at conferences, Theses and dissertations, Limited-distribution unpublished reports, Training manuals.
    • News: Includes any news article, feature article, editorial, commentary, or and press release from an online news source or journal.
    • Photos: Includes photos illustrating the realities of urban and rural life in developing countries, as well as global efforts to improve and save lives. Primarily taken by public health professionals in the field, photos are intended for non-profit, documentary use and are available upon request.
    • Communication Materials: Includes audio materials, calendars, CD-ROMs, videos and DVDs, films, flipcharts, kits, novelty items, pamphlets, posters, and some training materials.
    • Q&As: Includes any brief presentation of information in a question and answer format (for example, Dr. Shelton's Pearls, Healthwize, Q&As from Population Reports).

     

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